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01 Laser welding Laser welding: Laser radiation heats the surface to be processed. The surface heat is diffused to the inside through heat conduction. By controlling the laser parameters such as the width, energy, peak power and repetition frequency of the laser pulse, the workpiece is melted to form a specific molten pool.

▲Continuous laser welding

Laser welding can be achieved by continuous or pulsed laser beams. The principle of laser welding can be divided into thermal conduction welding and laser deep welding. The power density is less than 10~10 W/cm for heat conduction welding. At this time, the penetration depth is shallow and the welding speed is slow. When the power density is greater than 10~10 W/cm, the metal surface is concave into a "hole" under the action of heat to form deep fusion welding. The welding speed is fast and the aspect ratio is large.

Laser welding technology has been widely used in high-precision manufacturing fields such as automobiles, ships, airplanes, and high-speed rails, which has brought significant improvements to people's quality of life, and has led the home appliance industry into the era of precision.

Especially after the 42-meter seamless welding technology created by Volkswagen has greatly improved the integrity and stability of the vehicle body, Haier Group, the leader in home appliances, has launched the first washing machine produced by laser seamless welding technology. Advanced laser technology can be The people’s lives have brought about tremendous changes.

02 Laser hybrid welding

Laser hybrid welding is a combination of laser beam welding and MIG welding technology. It is the most advanced welding method to obtain the best welding effect, fast and weld bridging ability.

The advantages of laser hybrid welding are: high speed, small thermal deformation, small heat affected area, and the metal structure and mechanical properties of the weld.

In addition to the welding of automotive sheet metal parts, laser hybrid welding is also suitable for many other applications. For example, the application of this technology to the production of concrete pumps and mobile crane booms requires the processing of high-strength steels, which are often costly due to the need for other auxiliary processes such as preheating. Furthermore, the technology can also be applied to the manufacture of rail vehicles and conventional steel structures (such as bridges, fuel tanks, etc.).

03 Friction Stir Welding Friction stir welding is the use of frictional heat and plastic deformation heat as a welding heat source. The friction stir welding process consists of a cylinder or other shape (such as a threaded cylinder) that protrudes into the joint of the workpiece. The high speed rotation of the welding head causes it to rub against the material of the welding workpiece, thereby making the joint. The temperature of the material rises and softens.

Friction stir welding During the welding process, the workpiece is rigidly fixed on the back pad, the weld head rotates at a high speed, and the joint along the edge of the workpiece moves relative to the workpiece.

The protruding portion of the welding head protrudes into the material for friction and agitation, and the shoulder of the welding head is heated by friction with the surface of the workpiece, and is used for preventing the overflow of the plastic state material, and at the same time, functions to remove the surface oxide film.

At the end of the friction stir weld, a keyhole is left at the end. Usually the keyhole can be cut off or sealed by other welding methods.

Friction stir welding can achieve welding between dissimilar materials, such as metal, ceramics, plastics, etc. Friction stir welding has high quality, is not easy to produce defects, and is easy to achieve mechanization, automation, quality stability, low cost and high efficiency.

04 Electron beam welding

Electron beam welding is a method of welding by the accelerated and focused electron beam bombardment of the thermal energy generated by a weldment placed in a vacuum or non-vacuum.

Electron beam welding is widely used in aerospace, atomic energy, defense and military, automotive and electrical and electrical instruments, etc. due to its advantages of no welding rods, low oxidation resistance, good process repeatability and low thermal deformation.

▲Electrobeam welding principle

Electron Beam Welding Working Principle The electron escapes from the emitter (cathode) in the electron gun. Under the action of the accelerating voltage, the electron is accelerated to 0.3-0.7 times the speed of light, and has a certain kinetic energy. Then, through the action of the electrostatic lens and the electromagnetic lens in the electron gun, it is concentrated into a beam of electron beams with a high power density. This electron beam strikes the surface of the workpiece, and the kinetic energy of the electron is converted into heat energy, which causes the metal to melt and evaporate rapidly. Under the action of high-pressure metal vapor, the surface of the workpiece is quickly "drilled" into a small hole, also called a "keyhole". As the electron beam moves relative to the workpiece, liquid metal flows around the small hole toward the back of the molten pool. And cooling solidified to form a weld.

▲Electronic beam welding machine

Main features of electron beam welding The electron beam has strong penetrating power, high power density, and large depth-to-width ratio of the weld, which can reach 50:1. It can realize large-strength material forming at one time, and the maximum welding thickness reaches 300mm. The welding accessibility is good, the welding speed is fast, generally above 1m/min, the heat affected zone is small, the welding deformation is small, and the welding structure has high precision. The electron beam energy can be adjusted. The thickness of the metal to be welded can be from thin to 0.05mm to as thick as 300mm. It does not open the groove and is formed by one welding, which is impossible to achieve by other welding methods. The range of materials that can be used for electron beam welding is particularly suitable for the welding of active metals, refractory metals and workpieces with high quality requirements.

05 Ultrasonic metal welding

Ultrasonic metal welding is a special method of connecting the same metal or dissimilar metals by using the mechanical vibration energy of the ultrasonic frequency. When the metal is ultrasonically welded, neither the current is supplied to the workpiece nor the high-temperature heat source is applied to the workpiece, but the vibration energy of the frame is converted into the frictional work, the deformation energy and the limited temperature rise of the working chamber under static pressure. The metallurgical bond between the joints is a solid state weld achieved without the base material melting.

It effectively overcomes the phenomenon of splashing and oxidation caused by resistance welding. Ultrasonic metal welding machine can perform single-point welding, multi-point welding and short strip on filament or sheet material of non-ferrous metals such as copper, silver, aluminum and nickel. Welding. Can be widely used in thyristor leads, fuse sheets, electrical leads, lithium battery pole pieces, tab welding.

Ultrasonic metal welding uses high-frequency vibration waves to transmit to the metal surface to be welded, and under pressure, the two metal surfaces rub against each other to form a fusion between the molecular layers.

Ultrasonic metal welding has the advantages of fast, energy-saving, high fusion strength, good electrical conductivity, no spark, and near-cold processing; the disadvantage is that the welded metal parts should not be too thick (generally less than or equal to 5mm), the solder joints should not be too large, and need Pressurize.

06 flash butt welding

The principle of flash butt welding is to use the butt welding machine to make the metal at both ends contact, and through the low voltage and high current, after the metal is heated to a certain temperature and softened, the axial pressure upsetting is performed to form a butt welding head.

Before the two weldments are touched, they are clamped by the two clamp electrodes and connected to the power supply. The movable clamp is moved. The end faces of the two weldments are heated by light contact, and the contact points are blasted by heating to form liquid metal, and the jet sparks form a flash. The movable clamp is continuously moved, the flashing occurs continuously, and the two ends of the weldment are heated. After reaching a certain temperature, the end faces of the two workpieces are pressed, the welding power source is cut, and the welding is firmly welded. The resistance is used to heat the weldment joint to cause the contact point to flash, to melt the metal of the end face of the weldment, and to quickly apply the tip force to complete the welding. Reinforced flash butt welding is the installation of two steel bars in a butt joint form. The resistance heat generated by the welding current passing through the contact points of the two steel bars causes the metal at the contact point to melt, causing a strong splash, forming a flash, accompanied by a pungent odor, releasing a trace amount. Molecular, a pressure welding method that is quickly applied by the top forging force.